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Guillain-Barré syndrome
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a relatively rare condition that affects the peripheral nervous system. These are the nerves that carry signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and take sensory information such as temperature or muscle and joint movement back to the brain. Guillain-Barré usually occurs in previously healthy people. The cause is unclear but in the majority of cases follows a viral or bacterial infection.
Parkinson's Disease
Physiotherapy has a key role to play in patients with Parkinson's disease. A common problem that people find is that their movement is more difficult, slower and stiffer than it used to be. Common activities that are carried out on a daily basis may not be as automatic as they were. These include walking, standing up, rolling or turning over in bed and getting in and out of a car.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS) white matter i.e., it occurs within the spinal cord and optic nerves and interferes with the transmission along neurones so the nature of the defect can vary enormously between individuals.
Brain Injury
Acquired brain injury is most commonly caused by trauma to the head but can also be caused by tumour, haemorrhage and infection.
The brain is responsible for all our functions, thoughts and feelings. If the brain is damaged the specific functions which it controls will be affected. This could be memory, emotion, or speech just as much as sensation, movement, balance and coordination. Also because many functions of the Central Nervous System are integrated there may be associated symptoms not directly related to the brain injury.
Spinal Injury
Although people often associate Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) with total paralysis and wheelchair use for life, many patients will have damage that is not complete but have some sparing of motor and or sensory function. Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (ISCI) means that the sensory and movement loss is only partial and so their clinical picture may be more complex than a complete spinal injury.
Ataxia
Ataxia is a disabling and frustrating condition where people have the ability to move yet reduced control of the necessary balance and coordination to support their movement.
It occurs as a result of damage to the areas of the Central Nervous System particularly concerned with coordination and balance, especially the cerebellum, due to head injury, stroke, Multiple Sclerosis or a number of other conditions.
Ataxia therefore may be only one of a number of problems.
Stroke
A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is caused by an interruption to the blood flow to the brain tissue.
It will only be called a stroke if it is of sudden onset (at a stroke) and the symptoms last for more than 24 hours.
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